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                    Introduction
            
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                    第零章：实验环境说明
            
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                    第一章：独立式可执行程序
            
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                    [安装 nightly rust]
            
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                    使用包管理器 cargo 创建 rust binary 项目
            
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                    [移除 runtime 依赖]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第二章：最小化内核
            
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                    使用目标三元组描述目标平台
            
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                    编译、生成内核镜像
            
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                    使用链接脚本指定内存布局
            
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                    [重写程序入口点 -start]
            
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                    [使用 Qemu 运行内核]
            
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                    封装 SBI 接口
            
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                    [实现格式化输出]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第三章：中断
            
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                    rv64 中断介绍
            
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                    [手动触发断点中断]
            
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                    程序运行上下文环境
            
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                    [实现上下文环境保存与恢复]
            
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                    [时钟中断]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第四章：内存管理
            
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                    [物理内存探测与管理]
            
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                    [动态内存分配]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第五章：内存虚拟化
            
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                    页表：从虚拟内存到物理内存
            
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                    [内核初始映射]
            
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                    内核重映射
            
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                    内核重映射实现之一：页表
            
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                    内核重映射实现之二：MemorySet
            
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                    [内核重映射实现之三：完结]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第六章：内核线程
            
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                    线程状态与保存
            
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                    线程切换
            
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                    内核线程初始化
            
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                    [内核线程创建与切换测试]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第七章：线程调度
            
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                    线程池与线程管理
            
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                    内核调度线程 idle
            
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                    线程调度之 Round Robin 算法
            
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                    [线程调度测试]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第八章：进程
            
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                    [编写用户程序]
            
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                    合并内核与应用程序
            
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                    在内核中实现系统调用
            
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                    创建虚拟内存空间
            
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                    [创建进程]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第九章：文件系统
            
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                    [使用文件系统]
            
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                    [实现记事本]
            
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                    [实现终端]
            
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                    [文件读写]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第十章：同步互斥
            
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                    练习题
            
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                    1. 中断异常
            
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                    2. 物理内存管理
            
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                    3. 虚拟内存管理
            
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                    4. 线程管理
            
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                    5. 用户进程（+ 虚拟内存管理 + 线程管理）
            
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                    6. CPU 调度
            
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                    7. 同步互斥
            
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                    8. 文件系统
            
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                    附录
            
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                    内联汇编
            
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                    安装 rust
            
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<li><a href="https://github.com/rcore-os/rCore_tutorial/tree/ch3-pa4" target="_blank">&#x4EE3;&#x7801;</a></li>
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<p>&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x5728;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#xFF08;&#x4E5F;&#x79F0;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF0C;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4E2D;&#x95F4;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;)&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;&#x800C;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;&#x4EC5;&#x4EC5;&#x5E2E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x3001;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#xFF0C;&#x968F;&#x540E;&#x5C31;&#x6839;&#x636E; <code>stvec</code> &#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8DF3;&#x8F6C;&#x5230;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;&#x800C;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x4E86;&#x90A3;&#x4E2A;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x4E86;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x7684;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7ED3;&#x675F;&#x540E;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>sret</code> &#x6307;&#x4EE4;&#x8DF3;&#x56DE;&#x5230;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF0C;&#x539F;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x4E00;&#x8138;&#x61F5;&#x903C;&#xFF1A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4E2D;&#x95F4;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x600E;&#x4E48;&#x7A81;&#x7136;&#x53D8;&#x4E86;&#xFF1F;</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>[info] &#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x4E0E;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x7EA6;&#x5B9A;&#xFF08;calling convention&#xFF09;</strong></p>
<p>&#x5176;&#x5B9E;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x4E5F;&#x7B97;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x5728;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x524D;&#x540E;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x73AF;&#x5883;(&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x5404;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x503C;)&#x4E0D;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x3002;&#x800C;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x662F;<strong>&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x8005;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;(caller-saved)</strong>&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5B50;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8086;&#x65E0;&#x5FCC;&#x60EE;&#x7684;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x5FC5;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x540E;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5728;&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x5B50;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x88AB;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x4E86;&#xFF1B;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x662F;<strong>&#x88AB;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x8005;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;(callee-saved)</strong>&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x5B50;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x88AB;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x524D;&#x540E;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x4E0D;&#x53D8;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x653E;&#x5728;&#x6808;&#x4E0A;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x7531;&#x6307;&#x4EE4;&#x96C6;&#x5728;<a href="https://riscv.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/riscv-calling.pdf" target="_blank">&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x7EA6;&#x5B9A;(calling convention)</a>&#x4E2D;&#x89C4;&#x5B9A;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x7531;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x548C;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x7EA6;&#x5B9A;(calling convention) &#x662F;<strong>&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;(ABI, Application Binary Interface)</strong>&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x65B9;&#x9762;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x591A;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x5F00;&#x53D1;&#x65F6;&#x5C24;&#x5176;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x3002;&#x8BBE;&#x60F3;&#x591A;&#x79CD;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E92;&#x76F8;&#x8C03;&#x6765;&#x8C03;&#x53BB;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x65F6;&#x4F60;&#x5C31;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x6298;&#x817E;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#x548C;&#x6808;&#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x8D77;&#x89C1;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x628A;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#x90FD;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x6808;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x5728;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x540E;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x5230;&#x88AB;&#x6253;&#x65AD;&#x5904;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x8FD8;&#x539F;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x7684;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x603B;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x51FA;&#x9519;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x540D;&#x4E3A;<strong>&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x5E27;(TrapFrame)</strong>&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x6765;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-rust"><span class="token comment">// src/lib.rs</span>

<span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">context</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// src/context.rs</span>

<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">riscv<span class="token punctuation">::</span>register<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token namespace">sstatus<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Sstatus</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token namespace">scause<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">Scause</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[repr(C)]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">TrapFrame</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">pub</span> x<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// General registers</span>
    <span class="token keyword">pub</span> sstatus<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Sstatus</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Supervisor Status Register</span>
    <span class="token keyword">pub</span> sepc<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Supervisor exception program counter</span>
    <span class="token keyword">pub</span> stval<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Supervisor trap value</span>
    <span class="token keyword">pub</span> scause<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Scause</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// Scause register: record the cause of exception/interrupt/trap</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;<span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mn>3</mn><mn>2</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">32</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;"></span><span class="strut bottom" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="base textstyle uncramped"><span class="mord mathrm">3</span><span class="mord mathrm">2</span></span></span></span>&#x4E2A;&#x901A;&#x7528;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#x5168;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x4E0B;&#x6765;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x8FD8;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x63D0;&#x5230;&#x8FC7;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;&#x4F1A;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668; <code>sstatus</code> &#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;<code>#[repr(C)]</code>&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5BF9;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x6309;&#x7167; C &#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x5E03;&#x5C40;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x4ECE;&#x8D77;&#x59CB;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#xFF0C;&#x6309;&#x7167;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x7684;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x4F9D;&#x6B21;&#x6392;&#x5217;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E0D;&#x52A0;&#x4E0A;&#x8FD9;&#x6761;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;Rust &#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x5BF9;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x5E03;&#x5C40;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#xFF08;Rust &#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x5E03;&#x5C40;&#x7684;&#x89C4;&#x5B9A;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C31;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x6C47;&#x7F16;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5BF9;&#x5B83;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x7684;&#x8BFB;&#x5199;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x5728;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x4E0E;&#x6062;&#x590D;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#xFF1F;&#x8BF7;&#x770B;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x8282;&#x3002;</p>
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